setup numpy and matplotlib under mac os x 10.6

當然先用pip安裝好來

$pip install numpy
$pip install matplotlib

然後想測試時，發生如下的import error

$ python
Python 2.6.6 (r266:84374, Aug 31 2010, 11:00:51)
[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5493)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/__init__.py:62: DeprecationWarning: the md5 module is deprecated; use hashlib instead
import md5, os, re, shutil, sys, warnings
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pytz/tzinfo.py:5: DeprecationWarning: the sets module is deprecated
from sets import Set
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 6, in
from matplotlib.figure import Figure, figaspect
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/figure.py", line 10, in
from axes import Axes, Subplot, PolarSubplot, PolarAxes
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/axes.py", line 6, in
import matplotlib.numerix.npyma as ma
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/numerix/__init__.py", line 166, in
__import__('ma', g, l)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/numerix/ma/__init__.py", line 16, in
from numpy.core.ma import *
ImportError: No module named ma

找不到ma模組，找了一下後發現改位置了

>>> import numpy
>>> print numpy.__version__
1.5.1
>>> print numpy.core.ma
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'ma'
>>> print numpy.ma

>>> quit()

因此去修改下列檔案

$ vim /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/numerix/npyma/__init__.py
$ vim /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/numerix/npyma/__init__.py

裡面有import numpy.core.ma的都改一下

try:
from numpy.core.ma import *
except ImportError:
from numpy.ma import *

最後就可以成功了

$ python
Python 2.6.6 (r266:84374, Aug 31 2010, 11:00:51)
[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5493)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/matplotlib/__init__.py:62: DeprecationWarning: the md5 module is deprecated; use hashlib instead
import md5, os, re, shutil, sys, warnings
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/pytz/tzinfo.py:5: DeprecationWarning: the sets module is deprecated
from sets import Set
>>> plt.plot([1,2,3,4])
[]
>>> plt.ylabe('some numbers')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'ylabe'
>>> plt.ylabel('some numbers')

>>> plt.show()

Happy hacks ; )

Mac OS 安裝MySQL-Python

前幾天升級到Python2.6.6時候原本正常的MySQLdb突然出現如下訊息

$ python -c 'import MySQLdb'
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/MySQLdb/__init__.py", line 19, in
import _mysql
ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/_mysql.so, 2): Symbol not found: _mysql_affected_rows
Referenced from: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/site-packages/_mysql.so
Expected in: dynamic lookup

花了整晚時間東找patch西找版本，真是難搞...

最後想不到去把mysql重新安裝成universal就輕鬆解決了。

pip uninstall MySQL-python
brew uninstall mysql
brew install mysql --universal
pip install MySQL-python

參考

利用DNS query查詢Wikipedia

頗有趣的東西，只要查詢xxx.wp.dg.cx的txt record就可以了！

如下指令

bin cacaegg$ dig txt unix.wp.dg.cx
; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-APPLE-P2 <<>> txt unix.wp.dg.cx
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 131 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;unix.wp.dg.cx. IN TXT ;; ANSWER SECTION: unix.wp.dg.cx. 86400 IN TXT "Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX, sometimes also written as Unix with small caps) is a computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs, including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe O" "ssanna. Today's Unix systems are split into various branches, developed over time by AT&T as well as various commercial... http://a.vu/w:Unix" ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: wp.dg.cx. 3600 IN NS ns.na.l.dg.cx. wp.dg.cx. 3600 IN NS ns.eu.l.dg.cx. ;; Query time: 942 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.11.1#53(192.168.11.1) ;; WHEN: Sun Feb 20 14:12:53 2011 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 483

嫌太多資訊嗎？ 加上個short吧。

bin cacaegg$ dig +short txt unix.wp.dg.cx
"Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX, sometimes also written as Unix with small caps) is a computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs, including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe O" "ssanna. Today's Unix systems are split into various branches, developed over time by AT&T as well as various commercial... http://a.vu/w:Unix"

兩種在Linux下拿到亂數的方法

1. 寫個函數，從entropy拿。
linux kernel中有個entropy pool，這pool是由許多環境上的隨機因子造成的，
如Keyboard輸入的時間，滑鼠移動到的位置，disk存取的時間等等。
函式如下

unsigned long get_random(void){
unsigned long seed;
int fd;

fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY);
if(fd == -1){
perror("open");
return 0;
}
if(read(fd, &seed, sizeof(seed)) < 0){ perror("read"); return 0; } if(close(fd)) perror("close"); return seed; }

2.另外一種方法，直接使用dd

$dd if=/dev/urandom of=/tmp/rand bs=1b count1

簡單又快速

Vim 尋找並取代

在命令模式下輸入

:%s/pattern/replacemet/g

就會取代所有的

要注意的是如果要group的話，
要加上escape的符號才行，如下：

\( \)

然後在replacement裡面
\0 代表match的pattern
\1 group1
依此類推


數量限制特別一點，只要加前頭就好：

\{n,m}